Course Program
Introduction
Review of scalar and vector fields, lines of force, equipotential surfaces, and flux tubes.
Electrostatics in a vacuum
Electrostatic equations in a vacuum. Field produced by a point charge. Electrostatic field produced by two opposite charges, two equal charges, a sphere charged with uniform volume charge density, an infinite wire with uniform linear charge density.
Electrostatics in the presence of conductors
Definition of electric potential. Capacitance of an isolated conductor. Transition from fields to circuits for the capacitor. Capacitance calculation of: a parallel-plate capacitor, a spherical capacitor, and a cylindrical capacitor.
Steady-state conduction
Mathematical model, boundary conditions, and flux tubes. Calculation of resistance for a filamentary resistor and a spherical resistor. Electromotive field. Simple circuit law. Derivation of Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). Power dissipated by the electric field.
Magnetostatics
Mathematical model. Magnetostatic field produced by an infinite wire carrying current, a toroidal solenoid, and a straight solenoid. Definition of self-inductance and mutual inductance coefficients. Calculation of self-inductance and mutual inductance coefficients: two-wire line (calculation of self-inductance), straight solenoid and rectangular toroidal solenoid (self and mutual inductance). Induced electromotive force (Lenz's law). Transition from fields to circuits for the inductor.
Magnetic materials
Magnetic materials: magnetization intensity and the magnetostatics model in the presence of materials. Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism. Hysteresis loop. Hysteresis losses (frequency dependence). Overview of eddy current losses (frequency dependence) and skin effect. Magnetic circuits. Transition from fields to circuits for a transformer. Open-circuit and short-circuit tests for determining the transverse and longitudinal parameters of the transformer.
Forces
Force between two straight parallel conductors. Torque on a loop immersed in a uniform magnetic field. Principle of electromechanical energy conversion: case of a short-circuited loop immersed in a rotating field. Case of a bar moving on a straight rail immersed in a uniform field. Forces in MQS (Magnetoquasistatic) and EQS (Electroquasistatic) systems: attractive force in a capacitor, attractive force in a relay.
Measurement systems for electric and magnetic fields
- Measurements of electric and magnetic fields: measurement principles, sensors and transducers for the measurement of electric and magnetic fields, measurement chains for electric and magnetic fields.
- Measurement instruments: gaussmeters, Helmholtz coils, voltmeters, oscilloscopes.
- Human exposure to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields: regulations, measurement instruments and procedures.
Laboratory exercises - Use of sensors and probes for measurements of electric and magnetic fields.
- Reference instruments for measurements of magnetic fields, measurements of human exposure to electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields.
- Measurement procedures for the characterization of sensors and probes of electric and magnetic fields.
