Ιntroduction to Land and Offshore Drilling: Introduction to land and offshore drilling, types of drilling rigs, types of oil platforms. Petroleum Engineering: Drilling methods and equipment, well casing, drill pipe and drill collars, drilling bits, drilling fluids/mud, vertical drilling, directional drilling, horizontal drilling, deviation control, ‘‘kicks’’ (blow-out and blow-out preventers), trouble shooting. Distillation/refining of crude oil, paraffinic, naphthenic, aromatic and asphaltic hydrocarbons, content of crude oils in foreign substances, products of crude oil, classification of crude oils, characterization parameters of crude oils, correlation index, distillation processes, separation, petroleum conversion, petroleum treatment, feed-stock and product handling, crude oil pretreatment-desalting. Reservoir Engineering: Introduction to reservoir engineering, how hydrocarbons are formed, types of rock formations, temperature and pressure of reservoirs, nature of reservoir fluids, characteristics of reservoir rock, porosity of reservoir rock, permeability of reservoir rock, absolute, effective and relative permeability, properties of reservoir fluids, volumetric behavior of reservoirs, phase diagrams, black oil, gas condensates, wet gas, dry gas, prediction and evaluation of reservoir properties, ideal and non-ideal gases, real gases, bubble point or solution gas reservoir, dew point or retrograde condensation reservoir, single phase reservoir, prediction of initial gas in place, production/separation of gas, under-saturated oil reservoirs, compressibility of formation and of reservoir fluids, reservoir water influx, methods of production, by volumetric depletion, by water influx, by separation/expansion of gas, prediction of initial oil in place, material balance equation. Petroleum Economics Evaluation: Purpose of evaluation, parameters affecting evaluation, economics of refining, economics of transportation, economics of production, the role of independent exploration companies, pricing structure of petroleum.
